Specific gravity of ink and color rendering of prints:

Ink specific gravity serves as an overall measure of the specific gravity of the ink's main components, namely pigments, fillers, and binders. In general, when combining two inks of different specific gravities for color printing, the higher the ink's specific gravity, the more ink is needed, and vice versa. Additionally, mixing multiple inks of varying specific gravities in color printing can result in stratification due to sedimentation, which can cause color variation or uneven color rendering during the printing process. The ink may separate, with the lighter components floating to the top. For example, when combining green ink with lead chrome yellow and peacock blue, the ink with the lower specific gravity may rise to the top over time, while the denser ink sinks, resulting in what is known as "color floatation." Therefore, it is crucial to mix the prepared ink well before pouring it into the ink fountain.

Ink concentration and color rendering of prints:

Ink concentration, also called ink tinting strength, reflects the degree of ink dispersion and the pigment content in the ink. Factors such as pigments, binders, fillers, and additives influence ink concentration. Generally, the higher the degree of pigment dispersion, the higher the ink concentration; conversely, the higher the pigment content in the ink, the higher the ink concentration.

As the ink concentration increases, the consistency of the ink gradually thickens. Therefore, the ink concentration determines the ink shade. When the ink concentration is high, the printed shade is darker, the amount of ink consumed during printing is relatively low, and the ink color quality is higher.

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